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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Grand Duchy of Tuscany ： ウィキペディア英語版 Grand Duchy of Tuscany :''For the medieval duchy of Tuscany, see March of Tuscany The Grand Duchy of Tuscany ((イタリア語:Granducato di Toscana), (ラテン語:Magnus Ducatus Etruriae)) was a central Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859, replacing the Duchy of Florence.〔Strathern, Paul: ''The Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance'', Vintage books, London, 2003, ISBN 978-0-09-952297-3, pp. 315–321〕 The grand duchy's capital was Florence. Before the advent of the House of Lorraine, Tuscany was nominally a state of the Holy Roman Empire until the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797.〔The area consisting of the former Republic of Florence to the Empire; and the area formerly consisting of the Republic of Siena to Spain Heraldica.org (see citation number 1)〕 Initially, Tuscany was ruled by the House of Medici until the extinction of its senior branch in 1737. While not as internationally renowned as the old republic, the grand duchy thrived under the Medici and it bore witness to unprecedented economic and military success under Cosimo I and his sons, until the reign of Ferdinando II, which saw the beginning of the state's long economic decline. It peaked under Cosimo III. The Medicis' only advancement in the latter days of their existence was their elevation to royalty, by the Holy Roman Emperor, in 1691. Francis Stephen of Lorraine, a cognatic descendant of the Medici, succeeded the family and ascended the throne of his Medicean ancestors. Tuscany was governed by a viceroy, Marc de Beauvau-Craon, for his entire rule. His descendants ruled, and resided in, the grand duchy until 1859, barring one interruption, when Napoleon Bonaparte gave Tuscany to the House of Bourbon-Parma. Following the collapse of the Napoleonic system in 1814, the grand duchy was restored. The United Provinces of Central Italy, a client state of the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont, annexed Tuscany in 1859. Tuscany was formally annexed to Sardinia in 1860, following a landslide referendum, in which 95% of voters approved.〔 ==Medici period== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Grand Duchy of Tuscany」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.